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There is a bootloader capable of booting from, amongst other things, SPI/flash and SD card.
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The bootloader is multiple stages, the first two are unflashable ROM in the chip itself. The first stage bootloader (FSBL) which configures DDR and PLLs lives by default on SPI/flash and can be modified. bbl+linux live by default on the SD card and are chain loader from the FSBL.
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Yes, there will be a Freedom/U manual.
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Yes, it works with riscv-linux. Currently the needed drivers are on the riscv-linux-4.15 branch. The board ships with a preprogrammed SD card.
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The board starts DHCP+SSH on boot.
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There is no compiler on the SD card; you will either need to cross-compile your own code or the gcc.
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