I think it can be done, at least with Ubuntu 22.04. First, download the latest u-boot .deb file.
http://launchpadlibrarian.net/593560393/u-boot-sifive_2022.01+dfsg-2ubuntu2_riscv64.deb
Then extract the .deb with dpkg-deb.
dpkg-deb -x u-boot-sifive_2022.01+dfsg-2ubuntu2_riscv64.deb /tmp
The files will be in /tmp/usr/lib/u-boot/sifive_unmatched/
Load the MTD block driver.
sudo modprobe mtdblock
And then write the flash.
sudo sgdisk -g --clear -a 1 \
--new=1:40:2087 --change-name=1:spl --typecode=1:5B193300-FC78-40CD-8002-E86C45580B47 \
--new=2:2088:10279 --change-name=2:uboot --typecode=2:2E54B353-1271-4842-806F-E436D6AF6985 \
--new=3:10280:10535 --change-name=3:env --typecode=3:0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4 \
/dev/mtdblock0
sudo partprobe
sudo dd if=u-boot-spl.bin of=/dev/mtdblock0 bs=4096 seek=5 conv=sync
sudo dd if=u-boot.itb of=/dev/mtdblock0 bs=4096 seek=261 conv=sync
Flip the boot DIP switches to 6 and reboot.